Análisis y valoración de los expedientes de depuración del profesorado de Instituto de Segunda Enseñanza en el franquismo (1936-1942). Resultados generales

Authors

Carmen Sanchidrián BlancoSalto de línea Isabel Grana GilSalto de línea Francisco Martín Zúñiga Salto de línea Universidad de Málaga. Departamento de Teoría e Historia de la Educación. Málaga. España.

DOI

10.4438/1988-592X-RE-2011-356-044

Abstract

Analysis and Appraisal of the Files on the Secondary School Teacher Purge during the Franco Dictatorship (1936-1942). General Results

This article offers conclusions about the influence of Franco’s nationwide purge of secondary school teachers. The conclusions were drawn from Project HUM05-02106, financed by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science as part of the Spanish National RDI Plan. The project endeavours to fill a gap in historiography concerning Franco’s purge of the teaching sector. Although many papers have been published concerning the impact on primary school teachers, there is less research on secondary school and university teachers. The files analyzed in this project were the 2,445 files kept in the General Archive of the Administration. Data were gathered from the files, especially concerning secondary school teachers, teacher distribution by gender, geographical area and teaching category, and the most salient particulars of the purging process. The objective of this article is to offer overall results from a fundamentally quantitative approach, in order to gain a general idea of the subject and to suggest new lines of research, because this topic has not yet been fully researched. The purge of secondary school teachers obeyed the same reasons behind the violence of the Franco regime. The purge was used to “get even with the enemy”, but above all it was used to select the people chosen to establish a new public order. To sum up, the purge was very successful at achieving Franco’s purposes, for it favoured the social control that was so important in enabling the regime to govern Spain for almost forty years. The research shows the enormous internal disparity of the purging process and the harshness of the purge: 53.06 percent of the people punished were dismissed from their jobs. Moreover, the tables included in the article show the need for specific research in order to interpret with greater precision the overall results found for the different variables.

Keywords

History of Education, secondary schools, purge of teachers, the Franco regime, ideological repression, dictatorship, Spain.